{"id":149,"date":"2021-12-13T19:54:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T11:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/?p=149"},"modified":"2021-12-13T19:56:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T11:56:04","slug":"linu-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/linu-8\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u7cfb\u5217"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>tar \u89e3\u538b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux tar\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u62fc\uff1atape archive \uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>tar \u662f\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u89e3\u5f00\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-c \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6   -x\u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6  -f&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6&gt;\u6216&#8211;file=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6&gt; \u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tar [-ABcdgGhiklmMoOpPrRsStuUvwWxzZ][-b &lt;\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee>][-C &lt;\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55>][-f &lt;\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6>][-F &lt;Script\u6587\u4ef6>][-K &lt;\u6587\u4ef6>][-L &lt;\u5a92\u4f53\u5bb9\u91cf>][-N &lt;\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4>][-T &lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>][-V &lt;\u5377\u518c\u540d\u79f0>][-X &lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>][-&lt;\u8bbe\u5907\u7f16\u53f7>&lt;\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u5ea6>][--after-date=&lt;\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4>][--atime-preserve][--backuup=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u5f0f>][--checkpoint][--concatenate][--confirmation][--delete][--exclude=&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f>][--force-local][--group=&lt;\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0>][--help][--ignore-failed-read][--new-volume-script=&lt;Script\u6587\u4ef6>][--newer-mtime][--no-recursion][--null][--numeric-owner][--owner=&lt;\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0>][--posix][--erve][--preserve-order][--preserve-permissions][--record-size=&lt;\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee>][--recursive-unlink][--remove-files][--rsh-command=&lt;\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4>][--same-owner][--suffix=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u5b57\u5c3e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32>][--totals][--use-compress-program=&lt;\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4>][--version][--volno-file=&lt;\u7f16\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6>][\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55...]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n\n-A\u6216--catenate \u65b0\u589e\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-b&lt;\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee>\u6216--blocking-factor=&lt;\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u7b14\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a12Bytes\u3002\n-B\u6216--read-full-records \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u91cd\u8bbe\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\n-c\u6216--create \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-C&lt;\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55>\u6216--directory=&lt;\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55> \u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n-d\u6216--diff\u6216--compare \u5bf9\u6bd4\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\n-f&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--file=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6> \u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-F&lt;Script\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--info-script=&lt;Script\u6587\u4ef6> \u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6362\u78c1\u5e26\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684Script\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-g\u6216--listed-incremental \u5904\u7406GNU\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n-G\u6216--incremental \u5904\u7406\u65e7\u7684GNU\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n-h\u6216--dereference \u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-i\u6216--ignore-zeros \u5ffd\u7565\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u76840 Byte\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fEOF\u3002\n-k\u6216--keep-old-files \u89e3\u5f00\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-K&lt;\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--starting-file=&lt;\u6587\u4ef6> \u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\n-l\u6216--one-file-system \u590d\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0etar\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4e88\u590d\u5236\u3002\n-L&lt;\u5a92\u4f53\u5bb9\u91cf>\u6216-tape-length=&lt;\u5a92\u4f53\u5bb9\u91cf> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b58\u653e\u6bcf\u4f53\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee51024 Bytes\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\n-m\u6216--modification-time \u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d8\u66f4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n-M\u6216--multi-volume \u5728\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5377\u518c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\n-N&lt;\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f>\u6216--newer=&lt;\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4> \u53ea\u5c06\u8f83\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002\n-o\u6216--old-archive\u6216--portability \u5c06\u8d44\u6599\u5199\u5165\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528V7\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\n-O\u6216--stdout \u628a\u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\n-p\u6216--same-permissions \u7528\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-P\u6216--absolute-names \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u79fb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u7684\"\/\"\u53f7\u3002\n-r\u6216--append \u65b0\u589e\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\n-R\u6216--block-number \u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\n-s\u6216--same-order \u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n-S\u6216--sparse \u5018\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fde\u7eed0\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u6210\u7a00\u758f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-t\u6216--list \u5217\u51fa\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\n-T&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--files-from=&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6> \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9tar\u89e3\u5f00\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u5408\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-u\u6216--update \u4ec5\u7f6e\u6362\u8f83\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-U\u6216--unlink-first \u89e3\u5f00\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u89e3\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n-v\u6216--verbose \u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\n-V&lt;\u5377\u518c\u540d\u79f0>\u6216--label=&lt;\u5377\u518c\u540d\u79f0> \u5efa\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5377\u518c\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-w\u6216--interactive \u906d\u9047\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u3002\n-W\u6216--verify \u5199\u5165\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u3002\n-x\u6216--extract\u6216--get \u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-X&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--exclude-from=&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6> \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9ar\u6392\u9664\u7b26\u5408\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-z\u6216--gzip\u6216--ungzip \u901a\u8fc7gzip\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-Z\u6216--compress\u6216--uncompress \u901a\u8fc7compress\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-&lt;\u8bbe\u5907\u7f16\u53f7>&lt;\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u5ea6> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5907\u4efd\u7528\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\u7f16\u53f7\u53ca\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\n--after-date=&lt;\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4> \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-N\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--atime-preserve \u4e0d\u53d8\u66f4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n--backup=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u5f0f>\u6216--backup \u79fb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n--checkpoint \u8bfb\u53d6\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n--concatenate \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-A\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--confirmation \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-w\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--delete \u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n--exclude=&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f> \u6392\u9664\u7b26\u5408\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n--group=&lt;\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0> \u628a\u52a0\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bbe\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002\n--help \u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\n--ignore-failed-read \u5ffd\u7565\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\n--new-volume-script=&lt;Script\u6587\u4ef6> \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-F\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--newer-mtime \u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u66f4\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n--no-recursion \u4e0d\u505a\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u4e88\u5904\u7406\u3002\n--null \u4ecenull\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n--numeric-owner \u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u53ca\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u53d6\u4ee3\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n--owner=&lt;\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0> \u628a\u52a0\u5165\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u8bbe\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\n--posix \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528POSIX\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\n--preserve \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-ps\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--preserve-order \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-A\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--preserve-permissions \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-p\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--record-size=&lt;\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee> \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"-b\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n--recursive-unlink \u89e3\u5f00\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u539f\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u89e3\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n--remove-files \u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u5165\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002\n--rsh-command=&lt;\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u5728\u8fdc\u7aef\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3rsh\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\n--same-owner \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n--suffix=&lt;\u5907\u4efd\u5b57\u5c3e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32> \u79fb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u5148\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n--totals \u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\n--use-compress-program=&lt;\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4> \u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n--version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n--volno-file=&lt;\u7f16\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6> \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u53d6\u4ee3\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5377\u518c\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b<br>\n\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 \u975e\u6253\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># touch a.c     \n# tar -czvf test.tar.gz a.c   \/\/\u538b\u7f29 a.c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3atest.tar.gz\na.c\n\n\u5217\u51fa\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n\n# tar -tzvf test.tar.gz \n-rw-r--r-- root\/root     0 2010-05-24 16:51:59 a.c\n\u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6\n\n# tar -xzvf test.tar.gz \na.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2>bash \u811a\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u53c2\uff1a<br>\nhttps:\/\/wangdoc.com\/bash\/intro.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>bash\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ $ \u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0bID\n\n$? \u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f0\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\n\n$_\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\n\n$!\n\n$!\u4e3a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002\n\n$0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff09\u6216\u8005\u811a\u672c\u540d\uff08\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff09\u3002\n$-\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u3002\n$#\u8868\u793a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\uff0c$@\u8868\u793a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>read\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5411\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528read\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7528\u6237\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>read\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>read [-options] [variable...]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0coptions\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\uff0cvariable\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfREPLY\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u884c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>read\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n\necho -n \"\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u672c > \"\nread text\necho \"\u4f60\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff1a$text\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u9879\u5c11\u4e8eread\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u9879\u591a\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u9879\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\necho Please, enter your firstname and lastname\nread FN LN\necho \"Hi! $LN, $FN !\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679cread\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfREPLY\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n# read-single: read multiple values into default variable\necho -n \"Enter one or more values > \"\nread\necho \"REPLY = '$REPLY'\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>read\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-t :\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\n-p \uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\n\n-a \uff1a\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684 \u8f93\u5165\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u96f6\u53f7\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\n\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n$ read -a people\nalice duchess dodo\n$ echo ${people[2]}\ndodo\n\n-n\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\n$ read -n 3 letter\nabcdefghij\n$ echo $letter\nabc\n\n-e\u53c2\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528readline\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f &amp;&amp; ||<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cmd1 &amp;&amp; cmd2 \uff1a\u5982\u679ccmd1\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884ccmd2.\u5982\u679ccmd1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48cmd2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\n\ncmd1 || cmd2 :\u5982\u679ccmd1\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u624d\u6267\u884ccmd2\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884ccmd2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>test \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97 \u7528\u4e8e if \u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>if\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u8ddf\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u662ftest\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a0\u8868\u793a\u5224\u65ad\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<br>\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>test expression  or [expression]\n\n\nexpression\uff1a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90fd\u662f[expresson]\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 test  \uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a \u3010\u3011\n\n1\u3001\u6587\u4ef6 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\n\n[ -a file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -b file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff08\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -c file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -d file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -e file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -f file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -g file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7ec4 ID\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -G file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4 ID\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -h file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -k file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u201csticky bit\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -L file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -N file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u5df2\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -O file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7528\u6237 ID\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -p file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -r file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6709\u53ef\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -s file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -S file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc socket\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -t fd ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c fd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002 \u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0f\u8f93\u51fa\uff0f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\n[ -u file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 setuid \u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -w file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u5199\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u53ef\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ -x file ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff08\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6267\u884c\uff0f\u641c\u7d22\u6743\u9650\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ file1 -nt file2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c FILE1 \u6bd4 FILE2 \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6216\u8005 FILE1 \u5b58\u5728\u800c FILE2 \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ file1 -ot file2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c FILE1 \u6bd4 FILE2 \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u65e7\uff0c\u6216\u8005 FILE2 \u5b58\u5728\u800c FILE1 \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ FILE1 -ef FILE2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c FILE1 \u548c FILE2 \u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c inode \u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2\u3001number \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\n\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6574\u6570\u3002\n\n[ integer1 -eq integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u7b49\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ integer1 -ne integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ integer1 -le integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ integer1 -lt integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u5c0f\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ integer1 -ge integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002\n[ integer1 -gt integer2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cinteger1\u5927\u4e8einteger2\uff0c\u5219\u4e3atrue\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>3\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\n\n[ string ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cstring\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff08\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e0\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ -n string ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32string\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ -z string ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32string\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ string1 = string2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cstring1\u548cstring2\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ string1 == string2 ] \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e[ string1 = string2 ]\u3002\n[ string1 != string2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679cstring1\u548cstring2\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ string1 '>' string2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u5178\u987a\u5e8fstring1\u6392\u5217\u5728string2\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n[ string1 '&lt;' string2 ]\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u5178\u987a\u5e8fstring1\u6392\u5217\u5728string2\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\n\ntest\u547d\u4ee4\u5185\u90e8\u7684>\u548c&lt;\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u88ab shell \u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2atest\u5224\u65ad\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97AND\uff0cOR\uff0c\u548cNOT\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AND\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u7b26\u53f7&amp;&amp;\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570-a\u3002<br>\nOR\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u7b26\u53f7||\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570-o\u3002<br>\nNOT\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u7b26\u53f7!\u3002<br>\n<code>test expression1&amp;&amp;expression2<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n#!\/bin\/bash\n\nMIN_VAL=1\nMAX_VAL=100\n\nINT=50\n\nif [[ \"$INT\" =~ ^-?[0-9]+$ ]]; then\n  if [[ $INT -ge $MIN_VAL &amp;&amp; $INT -le $MAX_VAL ]]; then\n    echo \"$INT is within $MIN_VAL to $MAX_VAL.\"\n  else\n    echo \"$INT is out of range.\"\n  fi\nelse\n  echo \"INT is not an integer.\" >&amp;2\n  exit 1\nfi<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>tar \u89e3\u538b\u547d\u4ee4 Linux tar\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u62fc\uff1atape archive \uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 tar \u662f\u7528\u6765 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/linu-8\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">linux\u7cfb\u5217<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions\/150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}