{"id":155,"date":"2021-12-13T19:55:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T11:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/?p=155"},"modified":"2021-12-14T16:24:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T08:24:46","slug":"linux-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/linux-11\/","title":{"rendered":"linux-11"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>more\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9,\u7c7b\u4f3ccat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux more \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c cat \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9010\u9875\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7a7a\u767d\u952e\uff08space\uff09\u5c31\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6309 b \u952e\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f80\u56de\uff08back\uff09\u4e00\u9875\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u4e0e vi \u76f8\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309 h \u3002<br>\nmore\u547d\u4ee4\u548ccat\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662fmore\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9875\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u884c\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>ps\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux\u4e2d\u7684ps\u547d\u4ee4\u662fProcess Status\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002ps\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002ps\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884cps\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528top\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>linux\u4e0a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67095\u79cd\u72b6\u6001:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u8fd0\u884c(\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85)  \n\u4e2d\u65ad(\u4f11\u7720\u4e2d, \u53d7\u963b, \u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7)  \n\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad(\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u5524\u9192\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c, \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f)  \n\u50f5\u6b7b(\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ec8\u6b62, \u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5b58\u5728, \u76f4\u5230\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528wait4()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u91ca\u653e)  \n\u505c\u6b62(\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd0\u884c) <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>ps\u5de5\u5177\u6807\u8bc6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76845\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7801:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>D \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)\nR \u8fd0\u884c runnable (on run queue)\nS \u4e2d\u65ad sleeping\nT \u505c\u6b62 traced or stopped\nZ \u50f5\u6b7b a defunct (\u201dzombie\u201d) process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>a \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\n-a \u663e\u793a\u540c\u4e00\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\n-A \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\nc \u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u540d\u79f0\n-N \u53cd\u5411\u9009\u62e9\n-e \u7b49\u4e8e\u201c-A\u201d\ne \u663e\u793a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\nf \u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\n-H \u663e\u793a\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\nr \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\nT \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\nu \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\n-au \u663e\u793a\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\n-aux \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\n-C&lt;\u547d\u4ee4&gt; \u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\n\u2013lines&lt;\u884c\u6570&gt; \u6bcf\u9875\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570\n\u2013width&lt;\u5b57\u7b26\u6570&gt; \u6bcf\u9875\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\n\u2013help \u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\n\u2013version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u663e\u793a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>F \u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65d7\u6807 (flag)\uff0c 4 \u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3a super user\nS \u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001 (STAT)\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5404 STAT \u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c06\u5728\u5185\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\nUID \u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u8be5 UID \u6240\u62e5\u6709\nPID \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684ID\nPPID \u5219\u662f\u5176\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684ID\nC CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\nPRI \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f Priority (\u4f18\u5148\u6267\u884c\u5e8f) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u540e\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\nNI \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f Nice \u503c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u4ecb\u7ecd\nADDR \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f kernel function\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e2a running\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f \u201c-\u201c\nSZ \u4f7f\u7528\u6389\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\nWCHAN \u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u4e3a - \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\nTTY \u767b\u5165\u8005\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u4f4d\u7f6e\nTIME \u4f7f\u7528\u6389\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\nCMD \u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e3a\u4f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>htop \u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08apt install htop\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ahtop\n\u5728\u6309F5\uff0c\u6811\u578b\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b kill<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kill -9 \u8fdb\u7a0bid\n\n\u6ce8\u610f pid \u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0bid\n    ppid\u4e3a\u7236\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684id<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7 lsof -i:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo netstat -antup\n\n1\u3001lsof -i:\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\n\n2\u3001netstat -tunlp | grep \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6a21\u5f0f\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>? \u5339\u914d\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\n* \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\n&#91;1-9]\u5339\u914d\u3010\u3011\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\n&#91;!1234] \u5339\u914d\u3010\u3011\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\n{1,2,3,4,5}  \u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u51fa1\uff0c2\uff0c3\uff0c4\uff0c5\uff0c\necho 1{2,3,4,5}1\n\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a121 131 141 151<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u5355\u5f15\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u5728''\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982* $ \\<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f5c\u7528\u540c\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u7279\u522b\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u4e49 $ ` \\ \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u53d8\u91cf\uff08$\u7b26\u53f7\u4ecd\u7136\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa \u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 &lt; \u548c&lt;&lt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;\n&lt;&lt;\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1acat &lt;file1\n\u5c06file1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8f93\u5165\u5230cat\u4e2d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 &gt;&gt; \u548c &gt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u547d\u4ee4&gt;1.txt 2&gt;error.txt\n\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u5230error\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u52301.txt\u4e2d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3 \u547d\u4ee4&gt;1.txt 2&gt;error.txt &amp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u547d\u4ee4 &amp; \u53ef\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>wc \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684wc(Word Count)\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u6570\u3001\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<br>\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u6570\u3001\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u6570\u3001\u884c\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002wc\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u7ed9\u51fa\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-c \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\n\n-l \u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\u3002\n\n-m \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e -c \u6807\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n\n-w \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7531\u7a7a\u767d\u3001\u8df3\u683c\u6216\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\n\n-L \u6253\u5370\u6700\u957f\u884c\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n\n-help \u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\n\n--version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>grep \u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5339 \u914d\u7684\u884c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002grep\u5168\u79f0\u662fGlobal Regular Expression Print\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5168\u5c40\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep\u53ef\u7528\u4e8eshell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3agrep\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u641c\u7d22\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>grep [option] pattern file<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep rnn test.txt  #\u5728test.txt\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22rnn<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-a   --text   #\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002   \n\n-A&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;   --after-context=&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;   #\u9664\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002   \n\n-b   --byte-offset   #\u5728\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u8be5\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u3002   \n\n-B&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;   --before-context=&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;   #\u9664\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002   \n\n-c    --count   #\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002   \n\n-C&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;    --context=&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;\u6216-&lt;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570&gt;   #\u9664\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002   \n\n-d &lt;\u52a8\u4f5c&gt;      --directories=&lt;\u52a8\u4f5c&gt;   #\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u800c\u975e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u5219grep\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u56de\u62a5\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002   \n\n-e&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f&gt;  --regexp=&lt;\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f&gt;   #\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u505a\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002   \n\n-E      --extended-regexp   #\u5c06\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002   \n\n-f&lt;\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6&gt;  --file=&lt;\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6&gt;   #\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9grep\u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6837\u5f0f\u3002   \n\n-F   --fixed-regexp   #\u5c06\u6837\u5f0f\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002   \n\n-G   --basic-regexp   #\u5c06\u6837\u5f0f\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002   \n\n-h   --no-filename   #\u5728\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6807\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002   \n\n-H   --with-filename   #\u5728\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002   \n\n-i    --ignore-case   #\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002   \n\n-l    --file-with-matches   #\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7b26\u5408\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002   \n\n-L   --files-without-match   #\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002   \n\n-n   --line-number   #\u5728\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u5408\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u7f16\u53f7\u3002   \n\n-q   --quiet\u6216--silent   #\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002   \n\n-r   --recursive   #\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\u201c-d recurse\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002   \n\n-s   --no-messages   #\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002   \n\n-v   --revert-match   #\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002   \n\n-V   --version   #\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002   \n\n-w   --word-regexp   #\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5217\u3002   \n\n-x    --line-regexp   #\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5217\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5217\u3002   \n\n-y   #\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\u201c-i\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u7528\u7528\u6cd5\uff08\u65b9\u4fbf\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\n\n1\uff09ps a \u663e\u793a\u73b0\u884c\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\n\n2\uff09ps -A \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\n\n3\uff09ps c \u5217\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5e38\u9a7b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u793a\u3002\n\n4\uff09ps -e \u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\"A\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n\n5\uff09ps e \u5217\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\n\n6\uff09ps f \u7528ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\n\n7\uff09ps -H \u663e\u793a\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\n\n8\uff09ps -N \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6267\u884cps\u6307\u4ee4\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\n\n9\uff09ps s \u91c7\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\n\n10\uff09ps S \u5217\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u6599\u3002\n\n11\uff09ps -t&lt;\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7f16\u53f7&gt; \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\n\n12\uff09ps u \u3000\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\n\n13\uff09ps x \u3000\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u6765\u533a\u5206\u3002\n\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fps -aux,\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u5bfc\u5411\u5230grep\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b,\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>nohup \u4e0d\u6302\u65ad\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u4e0d\u6302\u65ad\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1anohup Command [ Arg \u2026 ] [\u3000&amp; ]<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5c06 nohup \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u5c06\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 nohup.out \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 nohup.out \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 $HOME\/nohup.out \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u6253\u5f00\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 Command \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u53e3\u503c\uff1a \u3000\u3000<br>\n\u3000\u3000126 \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528 Command \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u3000\u3000<br>\n\u3000\u3000127 nohup \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u67e5\u627e\u7531 Command \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u3000\u3000<br>\n\u3000\u3000\u5426\u5219\uff0cnohup \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f Command \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&amp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e00\u8d77\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>nohup command &amp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nohup \u547d\u4ee4&gt;1.txt 2&gt;error.txt &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7 &#8220; ==$()<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u767e\u5ea6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u548c$()\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 &#8220;\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f$() \u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5f53\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u539f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo `ls`<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c ls \u5f97\u5230xx.sh\u7b49\uff0c\u518d\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo xx.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>xx.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u65b0\u5efa\u5b50 shell :bash\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>$ bash<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50 Shell \u662f\u7531 Shell \u6216 Shell \u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a Shell \u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u5b50 Shell \u7684\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50 Shell \u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50 Shell \u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684 Shell \u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a xterm \u7a97\u53e3\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684 Shell \u811a\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u7236 Shell \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u9000\u51fa\u5b50shell \uff1a exit\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>exit<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ea7\u751f\u5b50Shell<br>\n\u6267\u884c <code>bash<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab<br>\n\u663e\u7136\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5b50shell\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0afork\u51fa\u6765\u7684bash\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u7ee7\u627f\u7236shell\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b50shell\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u7236shell\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<br>\n\u5f53\u524d Shell \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u5b50 Shell\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf$NAME\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50 Shell \u5982\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7236 Shell\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf $foo\n$ export foo=bar\n\n# \u65b0\u5efa\u5b50 Shell\n$ bash\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6 $foo\n$ echo $foo\nbar\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\n$ foo=baz\n\n# \u9000\u51fa\u5b50 Shell\n$ exit\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6 $foo\n$ echo $foo\nbar<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>more\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9,\u7c7b\u4f3ccat Linux more \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c cat \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2021\/12\/13\/linux-11\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">linux-11<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions\/192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}