{"id":23449,"date":"2025-01-01T01:58:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T17:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/?p=23449"},"modified":"2024-12-31T18:08:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T10:08:44","slug":"mixed-expert-models-moe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2025\/01\/01\/mixed-expert-models-moe\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u968f\u7740 Mixtral 8x7B (<a href=\"https:\/\/mistral.ai\/news\/mixtral-of-experts\/\">announcement<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/mistralai\/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1\">model card<\/a>) \u7684\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (Mixed Expert Models\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 MoEs) \u7684 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u793e\u533a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoEs):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u4e0e\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c&nbsp;<strong>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb<\/strong><\/li><li>\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684&nbsp;<strong>\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6<\/strong><\/li><li>\u9700\u8981&nbsp;<strong>\u5927\u91cf\u663e\u5b58<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<\/li><li>\u5728&nbsp;<strong>\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2305.14705.pdf\">\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>&nbsp;\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c&nbsp;<strong>\u6307\u4ee4\u8c03\u4f18\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b<\/strong>\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<strong>\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6b65\u6570\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b65\u6570\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u4f73\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f<strong>\u5728\u8fdc\u5c11\u4e8e\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u7b97\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u663e\u8457\u6269\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21<\/strong>\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0e\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u5462\uff1f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e Transformer \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u7a00\u758f MoE \u5c42<\/strong>: \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684<strong>\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc (FFN) \u5c42<\/strong>\u3002<strong>MoE \u5c42\u5305\u542b\u82e5\u5e72\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d(\u4f8b\u5982 8 \u4e2a)\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc (FFN)\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f MoE \u5c42\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5c42\u7ea7\u5f0f\u7684 MoE \u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u8def\u7531<\/strong>: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee4\u724c (token) \u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u201cMore\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u201cParameters\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f MoE \u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7531\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"789\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-1024x789.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23464\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-1024x789.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-300x231.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-768x592.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer.png 1274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>[Switch Transformers paper](https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.03961) \u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684 MoE layer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc (FFN) \u5c42\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a MoE \u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d MoE \u5c42\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210: \u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u82e5\u5e72\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u4e0e\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6311\u6218<\/strong>: \u867d\u7136 MoE \u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6613\u4e8e\u5f15\u53d1\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u63a8\u7406\u6311\u6218<\/strong>: MoE \u6a21\u578b\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u4ee5 Mixtral 8x7B \u8fd9\u6837\u7684 MoE \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u7684 VRAM \u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e2a 47B \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f 47B \u800c\u4e0d\u662f 8 x 7B = 56B\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 MoE \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 FFN \u5c42\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6 (\u4ee5 FLOPs \u8ba1\u7b97) \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 12B \u6a21\u578b (\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 14B \u6a21\u578b)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86 2x7B \u7684\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c42\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u53f2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e 1991 \u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.toronto.edu\/~hinton\/absps\/jjnh91.pdf\">Adaptive Mixture of Local Experts<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc (\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d) \u5904\u7406\u8bad\u7ec3\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 2010 \u81f3 2015 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7684\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8d21\u732e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>: \u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 MoE \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a (SVMs) \u3001\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cMoE \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1312.4314\">Eigen\u3001Ranzato \u548c Ilya \u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>&nbsp;\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5c06 MoE \u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06 MoE \u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u65e2\u5927\u53c8\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>: \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0cYoshua Bengio \u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u4ee4\u724c\u52a8\u6001\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6216\u505c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406 (NLP) \u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728 2017 \u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.06538\">Shazeer \u7b49\u4eba<\/a>&nbsp;(\u56e2\u961f\u5305\u62ec Geoffrey Hinton \u548c Jeff Dean\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.informatika.bg\/jeffdean\">\u201c\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684 Chuck Norris\u201d<\/a>) \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e 137B \u7684 LSTM (\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e NLP \u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7531 Schmidhuber \u63d0\u51fa)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u7a00\u758f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u6781\u9ad8\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5982\u9ad8\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"881\" height=\"425\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/01_moe_layer.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23468\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/01_moe_layer.png 881w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/01_moe_layer-300x145.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/01_moe_layer-768x370.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 881px) 100vw, 881px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bad\u7ec3\u5177\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4ebf\u751a\u81f3\u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 1.6 \u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684 Switch Transformers \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406 (NLP) \u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7a00\u758f\u6027?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7279\u5f81\u6216\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u96c6\u5408\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790 Shazeer \u5bf9\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 (\u5373\u4ec5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206)<strong> \u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a MoE \u5c42\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u786e\u5b9e\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6279\u91cf\u5305\u542b 10 \u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff0c&nbsp;<strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6279\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E8%AE%A9moe%E8%B5%B7%E9%A3%9E\">\u8ba9 MoE \u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c<\/a>&nbsp;\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc (G) \u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6 (E):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-101.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23474\" width=\"168\" height=\"59\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c G (\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f93\u51fa) \u4e3a 0 \u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709 softmax \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23477\" width=\"245\" height=\"42\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Shazeer \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd8\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5e26\u566a\u58f0\u7684 TopK \u95e8\u63a7 (Noisy Top-K Gating)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u95e8\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\u524d k \u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u566a\u58f0<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-103.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23479\" width=\"558\" height=\"29\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-103.png 697w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-103-300x16.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u9009\u62e9\u4fdd\u7559\u524d K \u4e2a\u503c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-104.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23481\" width=\"455\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-104.png 679w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-104-300x40.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u5e94\u7528 Softmax \u51fd\u6570<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23484\" width=\"300\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-105.png 453w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-105-300x25.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684 k \u503c (\u4f8b\u5982 1 \u6216 2)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u65f6\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c<strong>\u4ee5\u4fbf\u95e8\u63a7\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#switch-transformers\">Switch Transformers<\/a>&nbsp;\u5c31\u8fd9\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u566a\u58f0\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86<strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u7387\u5c06\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5f80\u5f80\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u6fc0\u6d3b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u6211\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a&nbsp;<strong>\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931<\/strong>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u9f13\u52b1\u7ed9\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u635f\u5931\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e73\u8861\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5c11\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u9608\u503c\u3002\u5728&nbsp;<code>transformers<\/code>&nbsp;\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7&nbsp;<code>aux_loss<\/code>&nbsp;\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>MoEs and Transformers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Transformer \u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8c37\u6b4c\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.16668\">GShard<\/a>&nbsp;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u8d85\u8fc7 6000 \u4ebf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GShard \u5c06\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc (FFN) \u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528 Top-2 \u95e8\u63a7\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u5c42\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8ba1\u7b97\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548: \u5f53\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\uff0cMoE \u5c42\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u590d\u5236\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E8%AE%A9moe%E8%B5%B7%E9%A3%9E\">\u201c\u8ba9 MoE \u8d77\u98de\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/02_moe_block-1024x619.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23491\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/02_moe_block-1024x619.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/02_moe_block-300x181.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/02_moe_block-768x464.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/02_moe_block.png 1087w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>GShard \u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684 MoE Transformer Encoder<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u7387\uff0cGShard \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u5316:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u968f\u673a\u8def\u7531<\/strong>: \u5728 Top-2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8<strong>\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u540d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u6743\u91cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bb9\u91cf<\/strong>: \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5c11\u4ee4\u724c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4ee4\u724c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6b8b\u5dee\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f MoE \u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bb9\u91cf\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5f20\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u662f\u9759\u6001\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u591a\u5c11\u4ee4\u724c\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>GShard \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e MoE \u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>: \u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b (self-attention) \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4ee4\u724c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e 12B \u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 8 \u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684 47B \u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528 Top-2 \u95e8\u63a7\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u8fbe 14B \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c (\u4e13\u5bb6\u95f4\u5171\u4eab) \u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6a21\u578b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u662f 12B\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Switch Transformers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.03961\">Switch Transformers<\/a>&nbsp;\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5728 Hugging Face \u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/google\/switch-c-2048\">1.6 \u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684 MoE<\/a>\uff0c\u62e5\u6709 2048 \u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<code>transformers<\/code>&nbsp;\u5e93\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u3002Switch Transformers \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e T5-XXL \u76f8\u6bd4 4 \u500d\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"789\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-1024x789.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23464\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-1024x789.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-300x231.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer-768x592.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00_switch_transformer.png 1274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>[Switch Transformers paper](https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.03961) \u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684 MoE layer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 GShard \u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u5c42\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc (FFN) \u5c42\u3002Switch Transformers \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Switch Transformer \u5c42\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165 (\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee4\u724c) \u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cSwitch Transformers \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5355\u4e13\u5bb6\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5305\u62ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u51cf\u5c11\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc (\u8def\u7531) \u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5<\/li><li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u534a<\/li><li>\u964d\u4f4e\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c<\/li><li>\u4fdd\u6301\u6a21\u578b\u8d28\u91cf<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Switch Transformers \u4e5f\u5bf9&nbsp;<strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bb9\u91cf<\/strong>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-106.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23497\" width=\"453\" height=\"44\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-106.png 676w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-106-300x29.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u5c06\u6279\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u6570\u91cf\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u4e8e 1 \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ee4\u724c\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3002\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cSwitch Transformers \u5728\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50 (\u4f8b\u5982 1 \u81f3 1.25) \u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Switch Transformer \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a Switch \u5c42\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u603b\u6a21\u578b\u635f\u5931\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5931\u9f13\u52b1\u5747\u5300\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u6df7\u5408\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528&nbsp;<code>bfloat16<\/code>&nbsp;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5176\u4f59\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5904\u7406\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u5f20\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<code>bfloat16<\/code>&nbsp;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u8def\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u6d89\u53ca\u6307\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5168\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"834\" height=\"237\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-107.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23499\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-107.png 834w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-107-300x85.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-107-768x218.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/colab.research.google.com\/drive\/1aGGVHZmtKmcNBbAwa9hbu58DDpIuB5O4?usp=sharing\">Jupyter Notebook<\/a>&nbsp;\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9 Switch Transformers \u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6458\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6307\u5357\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u5fae\u8c03 Switch Transformers \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u5173\u4e8e&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E5%BE%AE%E8%B0%83%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B\">\u5fae\u8c03\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b<\/a>&nbsp;\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Switch Transformers \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u5668 &#8211; \u89e3\u7801\u5668\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e T5 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7248\u672c\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.06905\">GLaM<\/a>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec5\u4e3a\u539f\u6765 1\/3 \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90 (\u56e0\u4e3a MoE \u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u78b3\u8db3\u8ff9) \u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0e GPT-3 \u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4ec5\u89e3\u7801\u5668 (decoder-only) \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u548c\u5355\u6837\u672c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fae\u8c03\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Top-2 \u8def\u7531\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5c06\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>DeepSeek-MoE\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u4e13\u5bb6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 huggingface \u4e0a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b164\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5171 64\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u4e13\u5bb6\u30012\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u4f1a\u5339\u914d6\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002(\u5f15\u7528\u81ea&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.juejin.cn\/?target=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2401.06066\" target=\"_blank\">DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models<\/a>, \u6a21\u578b&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.juejin.cn\/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fhuggingface.co%2Fdeepseek-ai%2Fdeepseek-moe-16b-base\" target=\"_blank\">deepseek-ai\/deepseek-moe-16b-base<\/a>&nbsp;, \u5fae\u8c03\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.juejin.cn\/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdeepseek-ai%2FDeepSeek-MoE\" target=\"_blank\">github.com\/deepseek-ai\u2026<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"483\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-115-1024x483.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23522\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-115-1024x483.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-115-300x141.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-115-768x362.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-115.png 1122w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>DeepSeek-MoE \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c<strong>\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\/\u5782\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u201d\u548c\u201c<strong>\u5171\u4eab\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\/\u5782\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u201d \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e13\u5bb6\u5207\u5206 (Fine-Grained Expert Segmentation) \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a FFN \u5207\u5206\u6210&nbsp;<em>m<\/em>&nbsp;\u4efd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>\u5171\u4eab\u4e13\u5bb6<\/strong>\u201d\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u66f4\u52a0\u6cdb\u5316\u6216\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e14\u603b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u7528 Router z-loss \u7a33\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u635f\u5931\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7a33\u5b9a\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u727a\u7272\u6a21\u578b\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f15\u5165 dropout \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u6a21\u578b\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.08906\">ST-MoE<\/a>&nbsp;\u5f15\u5165\u7684&nbsp;<code>Router z-loss<\/code>&nbsp;\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5931\u673a\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u60e9\u7f5a\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8f83\u5927&nbsp;<code>logits<\/code>&nbsp;\u6765\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6570\u503c\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u820d\u5165\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u6307\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53c2\u8003\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4e13\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ST-MoE \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u6216\u6d45\u5c42\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5bb6\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9884\u671f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee4\u724c\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"919\" height=\"897\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-108.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23502\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-108.png 919w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-108-300x293.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-108-768x750.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 919px) 100vw, 919px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5904\u7406\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u968f\u7740\u4e13\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u9012\u51cf<\/strong> (\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u4e13\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230 256 \u6216 512 \u4e4b\u540e\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e)\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cSwitch Transformers \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5728\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6bcf\u5c42\u4ec5\u5305\u542b 2\u30014 \u6216 8 \u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u5fae\u8c03\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><code>4.36.0<\/code>&nbsp;\u7248\u672c\u7684&nbsp;<code>transformers<\/code>&nbsp;\u5e93\u652f\u6301 Mixtral \u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5:&nbsp;<code>pip install \"transformers==4.36.0 --upgrade<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8868\u73b0\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684 dropout\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a20\u5bc6\u5c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684 dropout \u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u7a00\u758f\u5c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684 dropout \u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002ST-MoE \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5173\u95ed\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5373\u4f7f\u9ad8\u8fbe 11% \u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ee4\u724c\u4e22\u5f03\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Switch Transformers \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u5982\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u52a1 (\u5982 SuperGLUE) \u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1 (\u5982 TriviaQA)\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6539\u5584\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6cdb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"949\" height=\"445\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-109.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23508\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-109.png 949w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-109-300x141.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-109-768x360.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u51bb\u7ed3\u6240\u6709\u975e\u4e13\u5bb6\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u5c42\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5: \u4ec5\u51bb\u7ed3 MoE \u5c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u663e\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-110.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23510\" width=\"466\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-110.png 813w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-110-300x169.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-110-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u7a00\u758f\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"906\" height=\"396\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-111.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23511\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-111.png 906w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-111-300x131.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-111-768x336.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u5fae\u8c03 MoE \u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u800c\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2305.14705.pdf\">\u300aMoEs Meets Instruction Tuning\u300b<\/a>&nbsp;(2023 \u5e74 7 \u6708) \u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u9a8c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\u5fae\u8c03<\/li><li>\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03<\/li><li>\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u540e\u63a5\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\u5fae\u8c03<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9 MoE \u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u7684 T5 \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0 T5 \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4e3a\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9 Flan T5 (\u4e00\u79cd T5 \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f18\u5316\u7248\u672c) \u7684 MoE \u7248\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u65f6\uff0cMoE \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cFlan-MoE \u76f8\u6bd4\u539f\u59cb MoE \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5e45\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86 Flan T5 \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb T5 \u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 MoE \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6307\u4ee4\u5f0f\u5fae\u8c03\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cMoE \u5728\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u5173\u95ed&nbsp;<strong>\u8f85\u52a9\u635f\u5931<\/strong>&nbsp;\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"922\" height=\"460\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-112.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23513\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-112.png 922w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-112-300x150.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-112-768x383.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u7a00\u758f VS \u7a20\u5bc6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a00\u758f\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5b58\u8f83\u5c11\u4e14\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u662f\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>: \u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u8ba9 MoE \u8d77\u98de<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u652f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f4e\u6548\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a GPU \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316 MoE \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9 MoE \u8d77\u98de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97\"><\/a>\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c<\/strong>: \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c<\/strong>: \u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c<\/strong>: \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u5272\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c<\/strong>: \u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6837\u672c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e MoE \u5c42\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e MoE \u5c42\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u9700\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"874\" height=\"592\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-113.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23517\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-113.png 874w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-113-300x203.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-113-768x520.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50 (Capacity Factor, CF) \u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b58\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5bbd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u4f73\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u91c7\u7528 Top-2 \u8def\u7531\u30011.25 \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u6027\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u5bb9\u91cf\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF\"><\/a>\u90e8\u7f72\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728&nbsp;<code>Inference Endpoints<\/code>&nbsp;\u90e8\u7f72&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.endpoints.huggingface.co\/new?repository=mistralai%2FMixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1&amp;vendor=aws&amp;region=us-east-1&amp;accelerator=gpu&amp;instance_size=2xlarge&amp;task=text-generation&amp;no_suggested_compute=true&amp;tgi=true&amp;tgi_max_batch_total_tokens=1024000&amp;tgi_max_total_tokens=32000\">mistralai\/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1<\/a>\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5176\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u9884\u5148\u84b8\u998f\u5b9e\u9a8c: Switch Transformers \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u5148\u84b8\u998f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 MoE \u6a21\u578b\u84b8\u998f\u56de\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 30-40%\u7684\u7531\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u9884\u5148\u84b8\u998f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/li><li>\u4efb\u52a1\u7ea7\u522b\u8def\u7531: \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u76f4\u63a5\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li><li>\u4e13\u5bb6\u7f51\u7edc\u805a\u5408: \u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u5404\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u663e\u8457\u727a\u7272\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u964d\u4f4e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u9ad8\u6548\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FasterMoE (2022 \u5e74 3 \u6708) \u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86 MoE \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e76\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u80fd\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u521b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\u6743\u91cd\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u901a\u4fe1\u8c03\u5ea6\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u611f\u77e5\u95e8\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u5f97 MoE \u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u8fbe 17 \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Megablocks (2022 \u5e74 11 \u6708) \u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684 GPU kernel \u6765\u5904\u7406 MoE \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee4\u724c\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 (\u652f\u6301\u5757\u7a00\u758f\u77e9\u9635\u4e58)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u663e\u8457\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6548\u679c\u3002Megablocks \u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50cf\u4f20\u7edf MoE \u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u6279\u91cf\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5 (\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u5f62\u72b6\u76f8\u540c\u4e14\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4ee4\u724c)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06 MoE \u5c42\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5757\u7a00\u758f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"910\" height=\"330\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-114.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23519\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-114.png 910w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-114-300x109.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-114-768x279.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u5f00\u6e90\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Megablocks:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/stanford-futuredata\/megablocks\">https:\/\/github.com\/stanford-futuredata\/megablocks<\/a><\/li><li>Fairseq:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/facebookresearch\/fairseq\/tree\/main\/examples\/moe_lm\">https:\/\/github.com\/facebookresearch\/fairseq\/tree\/main\/examples\/moe_lm<\/a><\/li><li>OpenMoE:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/XueFuzhao\/OpenMoE\">https:\/\/github.com\/XueFuzhao\/OpenMoE<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE)\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/collections\/google\/switch-transformers-release-6548c35c6507968374b56d1f\">Switch Transformers (Google)<\/a>: \u57fa\u4e8e T5 \u7684 MoE \u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u4ece 8 \u540d\u5230 2048 \u540d\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6709 1.6 \u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/facebook\/nllb-moe-54b\">NLLB MoE (Meta)<\/a>: NLLB \u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a MoE \u53d8\u4f53\u3002<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/fuzhao\">OpenMoE<\/a>: \u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e Llama \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684 MoE \u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/mistralai\">Mixtral 8x7B (Mistral)<\/a>: \u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86 Llama 2 70B \u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6709\u5173\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Mistral \u7684&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mistral.ai\/news\/mixtral-of-experts\/\">\u516c\u544a\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>&nbsp;\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%9C%89%E8%B6%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91\"><\/a>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u7a00\u758f\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (SMoE)&nbsp;<strong>\u84b8\u998f<\/strong>&nbsp;\u56de\u5230\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5c11\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u4f46\u76f8\u4f3c\u7b49\u4ef7\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MoE \u7684&nbsp;<strong>\u91cf\u5316<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2310.16795\">QMoE<\/a>&nbsp;(2023 \u5e74 10 \u6708) \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 MoE \u91cf\u5316\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u5230 1 \u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06 1.6 \u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684 Switch Transformer \u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ece 3.2TB \u538b\u7f29\u5230\u4ec5 160GB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u5c06 Mixtral \u84b8\u998f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li><li>\u63a2\u7d22\u5408\u5e76\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li><li>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 Mixtral \u8fdb\u884c\u6781\u7aef\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>MOE\u7f51\u7edcpytorch\u6784\u5efa\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import torch\r\nimport torch.nn as nn\r\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\r\n\r\nclass Expert(nn.Module):\r\n    \"\"\"\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\"\"\"\r\n    def __init__(self, input_size, output_size):\r\n        super(Expert, self).__init__()\r\n        self.fc = nn.Linear(input_size, output_size)\r\n    def forward(self, x):\r\n        return self.fc(x)\r\n\r\nclass MoE(nn.Module):\r\n    \"\"\"\u7b80\u5355\u7684MOE\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\"\"\"\r\n    def __init__(self, num_experts, input_size, output_size):\r\n        super(MoE, self).__init__()\r\n        self.num_experts = num_experts\r\n        self.experts = nn.ModuleList([Expert(input_size, output_size) for _ in range(num_experts)])\r\n        self.gating_network = nn.Linear(input_size, num_experts)\r\n\r\n    def forward(self, x):\r\n        # \u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u91cd\r\n        gating_scores = F.softmax(self.gating_network(x), dim=1)\r\n        # \u4e13\u5bb6\u7f51\u7edc\u8f93\u51fa\r\n        expert_outputs = torch.stack([expert(x) for expert in self.experts], dim=1)\r\n        # \u52a0\u6743\u7ec4\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u8f93\u51fa\r\n        moe_output = torch.bmm(gating_scores.unsqueeze(1), expert_outputs).squeeze(1)\r\n        return moe_output<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u524d\u5411\u63a8\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\r\n\r\n# \u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\r\ninput_size = 10  # \u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a10\u7684\u5411\u91cf\r\noutput_size = 5  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a5\u7684\u5411\u91cf\r\nnum_experts = 3  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u67093\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\r\n\r\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316MOE\u6a21\u578b\r\nmoe_model = MoE(num_experts, input_size, output_size)\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5411\u91cf\r\ninput_vector = torch.randn(1, input_size)\r\n\r\n# \u524d\u5411\u4f20\u9012\r\noutput_vector = moe_model(input_vector)\r\n\r\n# \u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\r\nprint(output_vector)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90\"><\/a>\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.toronto.edu\/~hinton\/absps\/jjnh91.pdf\">Adaptive Mixture of Local Experts (1991)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1312.4314\">Learning Factored Representations in a Deep Mixture of Experts (2013)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.06538\">Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer (2017)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.16668\">GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding (Jun 2020)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.06905\">GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts (Dec 2021)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.03961\">Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity (Jan 2022)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.08906\">ST-MoE: Designing Stable and Transferable Sparse Expert Models (Feb 2022)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3503221.3508418\">FasterMoE: modeling and optimizing training of large-scale dynamic pre-trained models(April 2022)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.15841\">MegaBlocks: Efficient Sparse Training with Mixture-of-Experts (Nov 2022)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.14705\">Mixture-of-Experts Meets Instruction Tuning:A Winning Combination for Large Language Models (May 2023)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/mistralai\/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1\">Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/mistralai\/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1\">Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Citation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>@misc {sanseviero2023moe,\n    author       = { Omar Sanseviero and\n                     Lewis Tunstall and\n                     Philipp Schmid and\n                     Sourab Mangrulkar and\n                     Younes Belkada and\n                     Pedro Cuenca\n                   },\n    title        = { Mixture of Experts Explained },\n    year         = 2023,\n    url          = { https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/moe },\n    publisher    = { Hugging Face Blog }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sanseviero, et al., \"Mixture of Experts Explained\", Hugging Face Blog, 2023.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/blog\/zh\/moe#citation\"><\/a><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u968f\u7740 Mixtral 8x7B (announcement,&nbsp;model card) \u7684\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2025\/01\/01\/mixed-expert-models-moe\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b (MoE)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21,4,9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23449"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23449"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23544,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23449\/revisions\/23544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}