{"id":6134,"date":"2022-08-23T21:34:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T13:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/?p=6134"},"modified":"2022-08-24T10:14:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T02:14:10","slug":"python-all","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2022\/08\/23\/python-all\/","title":{"rendered":"python \u5305\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e66\u5199 \u4ee5\u53ca __all__ \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u5757<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7Python\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684import \u2026\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3a.py\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import jieba\nimport os\u3000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/a>1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1b\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86python\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5b57\u52a0\u4e0a.py\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a

a. \u4f7f\u7528python\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff08.py\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff1b
b. \u5df2\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6216DLL\u7684C\u6216C++\u6269\u5c55\uff1b
c. \u5305\u597d\u4e00\u7ec4\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5305
d. \u4f7f\u7528C\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u5230python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong>
\u3000\u3000\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8981\u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u952e\u5b57 import \u6216 from\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u8f7d\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/a>2. \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6784\u6210<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u5bfc\u5165import\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c\uff08import\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684,\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5f88import\u591a\u6b21,\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4f60\u91cd\u590d\u5bfc\u5165\uff0cpython\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u540e\u5c31\u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684import\u8bed\u53e5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5bfc\u5165<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
1\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2amyModule\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2afirst.py\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a = 1\ndef myfun(s):\n    print(s + 1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u5728myModule\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\/cmd\uff0c\u8f93\u5165python\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f
\u5199\u5b8c\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e0b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e86\u3002\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
>>> import first\n>>> a\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nNameError: name 'a' is not defined\n>>> first.a\n1\n>>> first.myfun(2)\n3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
2\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\/\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4first.py\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528import\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u8981\u7528first.\u524d\u7f00\u6765\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5bfc\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1afrom module_name import function_name\u3002
\u2003\u2003\u5982\u679c\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528function_name() \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5bfc\u5165\u53d8\u91cf<\/em>\n>>> from first import a\n>>> a\n1\n# \u5bfc\u5165\u51fd\u6570<\/em>\n>>> from first import myfun\n>>> myfun(3)\n4\n# \u4e00\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/em>\n>>> from first import a,myfun\n>>> a\n1\n>>> myfun(5)\n6\n# \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/em>\n>>> from first import *\n>>> a\n1\n>>> myfun(5)\n6\n>>>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528as\u7ed9\u6a21\u5757\u6307\u5b9a\u522b\u540d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2003\u2003\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528as\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u522b\u540d\u3002\u53e5\u5f0f\u5982\uff1aimport module_name as new_name\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
>>> import first as f\n>>> f.a\n1\n>>> f.myfun(6)\n7\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bfc\u5165\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7528as\u8bed\u53e5\u7ed9\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u522b\u540d\u3002\u53e5\u5f0f\u5982\uff1afrom module_name import function_name as new_function\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
>>> from first import myfun as add\n>>> add(8)\n9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5305\u3001\u5e93<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u6a21\u5757(module)<\/strong> \u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fpy\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002
\u5305(package)<\/strong> \u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u591a\u4e2apy\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002
\u5e93<\/strong>\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5728python\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sound\/                          Top-level package\n      __init__.py               Initialize the sound package\n      formats\/                  Subpackage for file format conversions\n              __init__.py\n              wavread.py\n              wavwrite.py\n              aiffread.py\n              aiffwrite.py\n              auread.py\n              auwrite.py\n              ...\n      effects\/                  Subpackage for sound effects\n              __init__.py\n              echo.py\n              surround.py\n              reverse.py\n              ...\n      filters\/                  Subpackage for filters\n              __init__.py\n              equalizer.py\n              vocoder.py\n              karaoke.py\n              ...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Python \u53ea\u628a\u542b __init__.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5f53\u6210\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4ee5 string<\/code> \u7b49\u901a\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u547d\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u5c4f\u853d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540e\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u6700\u7b80\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c__init__.py<\/code> \u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5305\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e __all__<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u5305\u7684\u5bfc\u5165<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u5305\u4e0b\u7684__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e2a__init__.py \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5305\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u5305\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 init.py \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u7684 init.py \u4e2d\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u5305\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  1. __ init__ .py\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728__init__.py\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f__ init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u548cabcd.py\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fdfrom abcd import b\uff0c\u8981\u4eceabcd\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5305\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>\uff0cfrom folder.abcd import b\u3002<\/li>
  2. folder\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u5efa__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u50cf\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u6837\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u65b0\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bfc\u5165\u5e38\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>
  3. init<\/strong>.py\u6587\u4ef6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u540d\u4e3afolder\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528import folder\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5728__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e94\u3001__ all __<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u4f7f\u7528 from sound.effects import *<\/code> \u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5305\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002import<\/code><\/a> \u8bed\u53e5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u60ef\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5305\u7684 __init__.py<\/code> \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5217\u8868 __all__<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c from package import *<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5217\u8868\u3002\u53d1\u5e03\u5305\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5305\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5e94\u66f4\u65b0\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5305\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u5305\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5bfc\u5165 * \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0csound\/effects\/__init__.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    __all__ = [\"echo\", \"surround\", \"reverse\"]\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06 from sound.effects import *<\/code> \u5bfc\u5165 sound.effects<\/code> \u5305\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49 __all__<\/code>\uff0cfrom sound.effects import *<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5 \u4e0d\u4f1a<\/em> \u628a\u5305 sound.effects<\/code> \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u53ea\u786e\u4fdd\u5bfc\u5165\u5305 sound.effects<\/code> \uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c __init__.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u79f0\u5305\u62ec __init__.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u663e\u5f0f\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e4b\u524d import<\/code><\/a> \u8bed\u53e5\u663e\u5f0f\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5305\u91cc\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u53d8\u91cf__all__\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u51faall\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5bfc\u5165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u516c\u5f00\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/strong>
    __all__\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u522b\u66b4\u9732\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
    __all__ = [“foo”, “bar”]
    Python \u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u662f\u9760\u4e00\u5957\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u81ea\u89c9\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u201d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u201c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002
    __all__ \u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u516c\u5f00\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201d\u767d\u540d\u5355\u201c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86__all__\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528from xxx import *\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5165 __all__ \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002
    \u5982\uff0ctest1.py,test2.py,test3.py\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a
    test1.py
    #__all__ = [‘func’]
    def func():
    pass

    test2.py
    import test1

    __all__ = [‘func2’, ‘test1’]
    def func2():
    pass

    def func22():
    pass

    test3.py
    from test2 import *

    func2() #\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5f15\u7528
    test1.func() #\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5f15\u7528
    func22() #\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u63a7\u5236 from xxx import * \u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>
    python\u4e0d\u63d0\u5021\u7528 from xxx import * \u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 xxx \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49 __all__\uff0c\u6267\u884c from spam import * \u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06 xxx \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u975e\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u6a21\u5757import\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u6210\u5458\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5f04\u810f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u4e86 __all__\uff0cimport * \u5c31\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5165 __all__ \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5982\u679c __all__ \u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u5730\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4e3a lint \u7b49\u4ee3\u7801\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f85\u52a9<\/strong>
    \u7f16\u5199\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728 __init__.py \u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u6574\u4e2a\u5305\u7684 API\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b API \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5305\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1afrom xxx import a, b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982 pyflakes \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf a\u548c b import \u4e86\u4f46\u6ca1\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u538b\u6389\uff1afrom xxx import a, b # noqa \uff08No Q\/A\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49 __all__\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee3\u7801\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u62a5 unused variables \u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u56db\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49 all \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n