{"id":9519,"date":"2022-10-25T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T02:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/?p=9519"},"modified":"2022-12-29T11:15:14","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T03:15:14","slug":"prompt-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2022\/10\/25\/prompt-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Prompt Learning\uff08\u6a21\u677f\u5b66\u4e60\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\uff1ahttps:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2107.13586.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u201cPrompt\uff1aNLP \u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-bright-blue-background-color has-background\"> <strong>&#8220;Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict&#8221;<\/strong> &#8212;-<strong> Prompt\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u505a\u7684\u5fae\u8c03 \uff08\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c11\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u5feb\u3001\u6548\u679c\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u662f\u8ba9\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"177\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-87-1024x177.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9526\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-87-1024x177.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-87-300x52.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-87-768x133.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-87.png 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u81ea\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wmathor.com\/index.php\/archives\/1587\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u672a\u95fb Prompt \u540d<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97 2021 \u5e74 NLP \u6700\u706b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a idea\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/wmathor.com\/index.php\/archives\/1580\/\">\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Contrastive Learning\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f Prompt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6d45\u8c08\u6211\u5bf9 Prompt \u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prompt \u8bf4\u7b80\u5355\u4e5f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u535a\u5ba2\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u7248\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7ec6\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\u53c8\u89c9\u5f97\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u611f\u89c9\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u6765\u4ece\u5934\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b Prompt\uff08Prompt \u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4f1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u300c\u8303\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u8303\u5f0f\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bfb\u8005\u628a\u4ed6\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u5373\u53ef\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5ba4\u53cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 BERT\uff09\u5230\u5e95\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff08\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u635f\u5931\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c Fine-tune \u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u635f\u5931\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff09<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5176\u5b9e\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u505a NLP \u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373 &#8220;Pre-train, Fine-tune&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u522b\u4eba\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u505a Fine-tune\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709 Pre-train \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-pink-background-color has-background\">\u878d\u5165\u4e86 Prompt \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u6210 <strong>&#8220;Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict&#8221;<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u6709 MLM\uff08Masked Language Model\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u672c\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e &#8220;I love this movie&#8221; \u8fd9\u53e5\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a Prompt\uff1a&#8221;the movie is ___&#8221;\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>I love this movie, the movie is ___\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7528\u8868\u793a\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 &#8220;great&#8221;\u3001&#8221;terrible&#8221; \u7b49\uff09\u505a\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u8be5\u7b54\u6848\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u5408\u9002\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cPrompt \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u548c MLM\uff08Masked Language Modeling\uff09 \u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u8bcd\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<strong>MLM \u7684\u5019\u9009\u8bcd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5982\u679c\u662f\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 Prompt \u548c MLM \u7684\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e93<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa Prompt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c&nbsp;x\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570&nbsp;fPrompt(x)\uff0c\u5c06&nbsp;x&nbsp;\u8f6c\u5316\u6210&nbsp;x\u2032&nbsp;\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"274\" height=\"71\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-91.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9592\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u53e5\u5b50\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u586b\u8f93\u5165&nbsp;x&nbsp;\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&nbsp;[X]\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u7b54\u6848\u6587\u672c&nbsp;z&nbsp;\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&nbsp;[Z]<\/li><li>\u628a\u8f93\u5165&nbsp;x&nbsp;\u586b\u5230&nbsp;[X]&nbsp;\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u672c\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>x = \"I love this movie\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;X]. Overall, it was a &#091;Z] movie<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5f97\u5230\u7684&nbsp;x\u2032&nbsp;\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>I love this movie. Overall, it was a &#091;Z] movie<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0cPrompt \u6765\u586b\u5145\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u6216\u53e5\u672b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd Prompt \u4e3a\u00a0<strong>Cloze Prompt<\/strong>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53e5\u672b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd Prompt \u4e3a\u00a0<strong>Prefix Prompt<\/strong>\u3002[X]\u00a0\u548c\u00a0[Z]\u00a0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u53e5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u8bb2\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684 Prompt \u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6 NLP \u4efb\u52a1\u7684 Prompt \u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5218\u9e4f\u98de\u5927\u795e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.13586\" target=\"_blank\">\u8bba\u6587<\/a>\u4e2d\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u8003<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x39NYd.png#shadow\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Text Generation \u4e2d\u6458\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57&nbsp;<code>TL;DR<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f&nbsp;<code>Too Long; Don't Read<\/code>&nbsp;\u7684\u7f29\u5199<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prompt \u7684\u9009\u62e9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u56f0\u96be<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0 Prompt \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5 Prompt \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>\u6a21\u677f T<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982&nbsp;<code>[X]. Overall, It was [Z]<\/code><\/li><li><strong>\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\uff1a\u5373&nbsp;[Z]&nbsp;\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u96c6\u5408\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e&nbsp;y&nbsp;\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6807\u7b7e positive \u5bf9\u5e94\u5355\u8bcd great\uff0c\u6807\u7b7e negative \u5bf9\u5e94\u5355\u8bcd terrible<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<strong>\u57fa\u4e8e Prompt \u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u9648\u4e39\u7426\u56e2\u961f<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2012.15723\" target=\"_blank\">\u8bba\u6587<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CEct.jpg#shadow\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u300d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&nbsp;<code>great\/terribel<\/code>&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;<code>cat\/dog<\/code>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e92\u6362\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u7ec8\u6548\u679c\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982&nbsp;<code>cat\/dog<\/code>&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;<code>dot\/cat<\/code><\/li><li>\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u300c\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u300d\uff0c\u5bf9\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u6539\u52a8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u589e\u5220\u6807\u70b9\uff09\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prompt \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prompt \u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-light-pink-background-color has-background\"><li><strong>Prompt \u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4>Prompt \u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prompt \u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f&nbsp;[X]&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;[Z]&nbsp;\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684&nbsp;<strong>Cloze Prompt<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4e0e Maksed Language Model \u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e MLM \u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cCloze Prompt \u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u56de\u5f52 LM \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c<strong>Prefix Prompt<\/strong>&nbsp;\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u677f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prompt \u7684\u6a21\u677f\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u822c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u8bed\u4e49\u6d41\u7545\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPetroni \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/facebookresearch\/LAMA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LAMA \u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/a>\u4e2d\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u63a2\u9488\u4efb\u52a1\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86 Cloze Templates\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.14165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brown \u7b49\u4eba<\/a>\u4e3a\u95ee\u7b54\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u63a2\u9488\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86 Prefix Templates\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.10385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GPT Understands, Too<\/a>&nbsp;\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CnHS.png#shadow\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Prompt \u53ea\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5dee\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-light-pink-background-color has-background\">\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u677f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a<strong>\u79bb\u6563\uff08Discrete Prompts\uff09\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\uff08Continuous Prompts\uff09\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b<\/strong>\u3002\u79bb\u6563\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.12543\" target=\"_blank\">Prompt Mining<\/a>\uff0cPrompt Paraphrasing\uff0c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.15980\" target=\"_blank\">Gradient-based Search<\/a>\uff0c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2012.15723\" target=\"_blank\">Prompt Generation<\/a>&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1909.00505\" target=\"_blank\">Prompt Scoring<\/a>\uff1b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.00190\" target=\"_blank\">Prefix Tuning<\/a>\uff0c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.05240\" target=\"_blank\">Tuning Initialized with Discrete prompts<\/a>\uff0c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.10385\" target=\"_blank\">Hard-Soft Prompt Hybrid Tuning<\/a>\uff0c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.07602\" target=\"_blank\">P-Tuning v2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u79bb\u6563 Prompts<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.12543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prompt Mining<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u5728 TACL 2020\uff0c\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u62ff\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5f53\u4f5c\u300c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f9d\u5b58\u6811\u548c Paraphrase\uff08\u8f6c\u8ff0\uff09\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6316\u6398\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3Csjx.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u88ab\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u300c\u8fde\u63a5\u8c13\u8bcd\u300d\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u5347\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0 Prompt Paraphrsing\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u56de\u8bd1\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 DeepL \u7ffb\u8bd1\u770b\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CgHO.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CWUe.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86&nbsp;<code>x shares a border with y<\/code>&nbsp;\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a Prompt Paraphrasing\uff1a<code>x and y share a boundary<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2106.11520\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BARTScore<\/a>&nbsp;\u5e72\u8106\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u518d\u719f\u6089\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u6211\u4e5f\u80cc\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3C4Cd.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.15980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gradient-based Search<\/a>\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u662f\u7531\u8bba\u6587 AUTOPROMPT \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u5728 EMNLP 2020\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CIgI.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c<code>a real joy<\/code>&nbsp;\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u53e5\u5b50&nbsp;xinp\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u7684 Trigger tokens \u662f\u7531&nbsp;xinp\u300c\u6fc0\u53d1\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6c47\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;xtrig\uff0c\u6839\u636e Template&nbsp;\u03bb&nbsp;\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06&nbsp;xtrig&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;xinp&nbsp;\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6784\u9020\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8f93\u5165&nbsp;xprompt\uff0c\u9001\u5165 Masked LM \u9884\u6d4b\u60c5\u611f\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a NLP \u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3C7KP.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210&nbsp;xtrig&nbsp;\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f HotFlip \u548c\u5bf9\u6297\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u539f\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1712.06751\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HotFlip: White-box adversarial examples for text classification<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1908.07125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Universal Adversarial Triggers for Attacking and Analyzing NLP<\/a>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2012.15723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prompt Generation<\/a>&nbsp;\u662f\u9648\u4e39\u7426\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u628a Seq2Seq \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b T5 \u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6a21\u677f\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002T5 \u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5229\u7528 &lt;X&gt; \u6216 &lt; Y &gt; \u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed span\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Thank you &lt;X&gt; me to your party &lt;Y&gt; week\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>T5 \u4f1a\u5728 &lt;X&gt; \u751f\u6210&nbsp;<code>for inviting<\/code>\uff0c\u5728 &lt;Y&gt; \u751f\u6210&nbsp;<code>last<\/code>\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0cT5 \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u7684 token \u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u27e8S1\u27e9\u2192\u27e8X\u27e9&nbsp;M(y)&nbsp;\u27e8Y\u27e9&nbsp;\u27e8S1\u27e9\u27e8S1\u27e9\u2192\u27e8S1\u27e9&nbsp;\u27e8X\u27e9&nbsp;M(y)&nbsp;\u27e8Y\u27e9\u27e8S1\u27e9,\u27e8S2\u27e9\u2192\u27e8S1\u27e9&nbsp;\u27e8X\u27e9&nbsp;M(y)&nbsp;\u27e8Y\u27e9&nbsp;\u27e8S2\u27e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CHDf.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u5728\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\u524d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u586b\u5145\u4f4d &lt;X&gt; \u548c &lt; Y&gt;\uff08\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165 T5 \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0cT5 \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u586b\u5145\u4f4d\u751f\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u6807\u7b7e\u8bcd\uff08great \u6216 terribel\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a [MASK] \u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528 Beam Search \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u6a21\u677f\u5229\u7528 dev \u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9001\u5165\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8fd8\u62fc\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e86\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u300c\u793a\u4f8b\u300d\uff08Demonstration\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3CLVS.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd Prompt \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u505a\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cX&nbsp;\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb Input \u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5&nbsp;Y&nbsp;\u4e3a\u6b63\u4f8b\uff0cZ&nbsp;\u4e3a\u8d1f\u4f8b\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>X\u662f&#091;MASK]\u4f8b\uff1fY\u4e3a\u6b63\u4f8b\uff1bZ\u4e3a\u8d1f\u4f8b\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u76ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u6bd4\u8f83&nbsp;X&nbsp;\u4e0e&nbsp;Y\u3001Z&nbsp;\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u95ee\uff1aY\u3001Z&nbsp;\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u91c7\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u300c\u793a\u4f8b\u300d\u62fc\u63a5\u5230 Prompt \u4e2d<\/li><li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e Sentence-BERT \u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u524d 50% \u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u300c\u793a\u4f8b\u300d<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u8fde\u7eed Prompts<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6784\u9020 Prompt \u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9 Pre-trained Language Model\uff08PLM\uff09\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c06 Prompt \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a2\u7d22\u8fde\u7eed\u578b Prompts\u2014\u2014 \u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u7684 Embedding \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u578b Prompts \u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u6a21\u7248\u4e2d\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684 Embedding \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684 Embedding\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b Embedding<\/li><li>\u6a21\u7248\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6 PLM \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.00190\" target=\"_blank\">Prefix Tuning<\/a>&nbsp;\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7531 Li \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u53e5\u5b50\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fde\u7eed\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301 PLM \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u4ec5\u8bad\u7ec3\u524d\u7f00\uff08Prefix\uff09\u5411\u91cf\u3002Prefix Tuning \u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Prompt \u62fc\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728 GPT \u7c7b\u7684 Auto-Regressive\uff08\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f&nbsp;[Prefix;x;y]&nbsp;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728 T5 \u7c7b\u7684 Encoder-Decoder \u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f&nbsp;[Prefix;x;Prefix\u2032;y]&nbsp;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3COUg.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206 Prefix, \\(x, y\\) \u7684 Position id \u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(\\mathrm{P}{\\mathrm{idx}}\\) ,  \\(\\mathrm{X}{\\mathrm{idx}}\\) ,  \\(\\mathrm{Y}{\\mathrm{idx}}\\)\u3002Prefix Tuning \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00 \u4e2a\u53ef\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f5c \\(P\\theta \\in \\mathbb{R}^{\\left|P_{\\mathrm{idx}}\\right| \\times \\operatorname{dim}\\left(h_i\\right)}\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<br>\\(h_i= \\begin{cases}P_\\theta[i,:], &amp; \\text { if } i \\in \\mathrm{P}{\\mathrm{idx}} \\ \\mathbf{L M}\\phi\\left(z_i, h_{&lt;i}\\right), &amp; \\text { otherwise }\\end{cases}\\)<br>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15 $i$ \u5982\u679c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5219\u4ece \\(P_\\theta\\) \u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u5411\u91cf\uff1b \\(i\\) \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u90e8 \u5206\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u53c2\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\uff1a<br>\\(\\max \\phi \\log p\\phi(y \\mid x)=\\sum_{i \\in \\mathrm{Y}{\\mathrm{idx}}} \\log p\\phi\\left(z_i \\mid h_{&lt;i}\\right)\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\\(P_\\theta\\) \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528&nbsp;<code>nn.Embedding()<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u8005&nbsp;<code>nn.Linear()<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22 Prompt\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.05240\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OptiPrompt<\/a>&nbsp;\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3Cx8s.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"434\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-89-1024x434.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9577\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-89-1024x434.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-89-300x127.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-89-768x326.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-89.png 1144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hard-Soft Prompt Hybrid Tuning \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u7684 Prompt \u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u7684 Embedding\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 Prompt \u8981\u6bd4\u79bb\u6563\u7684 Prompt \u597d\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u5417\uff1fLiu \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.10385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P-Tuning<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 Prompt token \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 Prompt \u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e0\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u51fa\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u67d0\u51e0\u884c\u5411\u91cf\u62fc\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5766\u767d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b prompt token Embedding \u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cP-Tuning \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Prompt Encoder\uff08\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe b \u6240\u793a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3Cz2n.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u56fe a \u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u578b Prompt\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u751f\u6210\u79bb\u6563 Prompt token \u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53eb\u505a Prompt Generator\uff1b\u4e0a\u56fe b \u9996\u5148\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b Virtual\uff08Pseudo\uff09token\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 BERT \u8bcd\u8868\u4e2d\u7684 [unused1],[unused2],&#8230; \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 token \u6570\u76ee\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b Pseudo token \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a Prompt Encoder \u5f97\u5230\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5411\u91cf&nbsp;h0,&#8230;,hm\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"497\" src=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90-1024x497.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9578\" srcset=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90-1024x497.png 1024w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90-300x146.png 300w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90-768x373.png 768w, http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90.png 1117w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u95ee\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316 P-tuning\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6839\u636e\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56fa\u5b9a PLM \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u4f18\u5316&nbsp;[P0]\u223c[Pm]&nbsp;\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a token \u7684 Embedding\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u66f4\u65b0 Prompt Encoder \u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/li><li><strong>\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u5145\u8db3<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5fae\u8c03<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u5728 P-Tuning \u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0cLiu \u7b49\u4eba\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.07602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P-Tuning v2<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3 P-Tuning \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u5f53\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e 100 \u4ebf\uff0810B\uff09\u65f6\uff0cPrompt tuning \u4f1a\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 Fine-tuning \u5dee<\/li><li>\u8bf8\u5982\u5e8f\u5217\u6807\u6ce8\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cprompt tuning \u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u53d8\u5dee<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Liu \u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5148\u524d\u7684 P-Tuning \u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42 BiLSTM \u6765\u7f16\u7801 Pseudo token\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 v2 \u7248\u672c\u63d0\u51fa Deep Prompt Tuning\uff0c\u7528 Prefix Tuning \u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u66ff\u6362 BiLSTM\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3PCrV.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P-Tuning v2 \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e P-Tuning\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u53d6\u6d88 Reparameterization<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u91cd\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e Prefix-Tuning \u7684 MLP \u548c\u7528\u4e8e P-Tuning \u7684 LSTM\uff09\u3002\u5728 P-Tuning v2 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u91cd\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/li><li><strong>Multi-task Learning<\/strong>\uff1aDeep Prompt Tuning \u7684\u4f18\u5316\u96be\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u5fae\u8c03\u7684 Prefix Continuous Prompt \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u8de8\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 NER \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8bad\u7ec3\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9876\u5c42 Classifier\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Prefix Continuous Prompt \u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684<\/li><li><strong>\u53d6\u6d88 verbalizer<\/strong>\uff1av2 \u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u6807\u7b7e\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 [CLS] \u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u51fa\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Sentence-level label\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a token \u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa token \u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Token-level label\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e P-Tuning \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u788e\u788e\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u535a\u5ba2\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6c47\u603b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f v1 \u7248\u672c\u7684 LSTM\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165 LSTM \u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u751f\u6210\u7684 token\uff08\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff09\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4 token \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u66f4\u6d41\u7545\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807 token\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 &#8220;great&#8221;\u3001&#8221;terrible&#8221;\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u5176\u4ed6 token \u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f MLM \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u968f\u673a MASK \u6389\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b token \u6765\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f LM \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u9884\u6d4b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684 MLM\/LM \u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fed\u4ee3\u8f6e\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u300c\u8d1f\u91cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>* \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f15\u5165 Prompt\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s1.ax1x.com\/2022\/10\/06\/x3PPbT.png#shadow\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-pink-background-color has-background\">\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Fine-tune \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe b \u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u5916\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e RoBERTa-large \u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4f1a\u65b0\u5f15\u5165 2048 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08<code>nn.Linear(1024, 2)<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ec5\u6709\u4f8b\u5982 64 \u4e2a\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-pink-background-color has-background\">\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPrompt \u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe a \u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u7684 MLM \u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5fae\u8c03\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Prompt \u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1 Prompt \u7814\u7a76\u641e\u5f97\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Prompt \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528 Prompt \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7b54\u6848\u300d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u677f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7b54\u6848\u300d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u641c\u7d22\u6216\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u51fa\u4e24\u8005\u8054\u5408\u7684\u6700\u597d\u6548\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/li><li><strong>Prompt \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 Prompt \u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d Prompt-based Learning \u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4e86\u89e3 Prompt \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684 Prompt \u6709\u65f6\u6548\u679c\u5374\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927<\/li><li><strong>Prompt \u5728 PLM debias \u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e PLM \u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a &#8220;The capital of China is Beijing&#8221;\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u5230 &#8220;capital&#8221; \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa &#8220;Beijing&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cPrompt \u8fd8\u66b4\u9732\u4e86 PLM \u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u5b83 bias\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6027\u522b\u5bf9\u7acb\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3>One More Thing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\u63d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645 Code \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053 MLM \u4efb\u52a1\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d [MASK] \u4f4d\u7f6e\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c Prompt \u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761__\u65b0\u95fb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u51fa\u7ebf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53ea\u67090.001%\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u961f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95fb\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e\u6709 &#8220;\u4f53\u80b2&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u8d22\u7ecf&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u5a31\u4e50&#8221; \u7b49\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4f53\u80b2\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9 [MASK] \u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u51fa &#8220;\u4f53\u80b2&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u771f\u7684\u5982\u6b64\u5417\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f &#8220;\u8db3\u7403&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 &#8220;\u8db3\u7403&#8221; \u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5565\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u4e86 Prompt \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u65b0\u95fb\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u56fa\u5b9a\u53ea\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b &#8220;\u4f53\u80b2&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u8d22\u7ecf&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u5a31\u4e50&#8221; \u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u5e72\u8106\u628a\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u6362\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u4ece 0\uff0c1\uff0c2 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002Wait Wait Wait\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u548c Fine-Tune \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff0cFine-Tune \u4e5f\u662f\u628a\u6807\u7b7e\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u770b\u4e86\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u503c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd [MASK] \u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u9650\u5236\u7684\u592a\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f &#8220;good&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u8d22\u7ecf&#8221; \u624d\u7b97\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa &#8220;nice&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u8d22\u653f&#8221; \u5c31\u7b97\u9519\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e49\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u4f3c\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6837\u672c\u53bb\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u56fa\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 &#8220;\u8d22\u7ecf&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\u6210 &#8220;\u8d22\u653f&#8221;\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 &#8220;\u4f53\u80b2&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kexue.fm\/archives\/8295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P-tuning\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u7248\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6f5c\u80fd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kexue.fm\/archives\/7764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5fc5\u987b\u8981 GPT3 \u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0cBERT \u7684 MLM \u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/399295895\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NLP \u65b0\u5ba0 \u2014\u2014 \u6d45\u8c08 Prompt \u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/359433351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65b0\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u8fd1\u5341\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53d6\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/341609647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GPT-3 \u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u843d\u5730\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u9648\u4e39\u7426\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u5fae\u8c03\u6846\u67b6 LM-BFF\uff0c\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u5fae\u8c03\u63d0\u5347 11%\uff5e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/u013546508\/article\/details\/115358833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u57fa\u4e8e Prompt \u7684 MLM \u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/c9Yv2cf9I06K2A9E\/article\/details\/117914901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prompt-based Language Models\uff1a\u6a21\u7248\u589e\u5f3a\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/396098543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9e4f\u98de\u5927\u795e\u7684 Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/391992466\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P-tuning\uff1a\u7528 \u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u63d0\u793a\u5fae\u8c03\u201d \u6765\u589e\u5f3a \u201c\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u201d \u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u80fd\u529b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegradient.pub\/prompting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prompting: Better Ways of Using Language Models for NLP Tasks<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/thinkwee.top\/2021\/05\/13\/pet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prompt Based Task Reformulation in NLP \u8c03\u7814<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/thunlp\/PromptPapers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PromptPapers<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bba\u6587\uff1ahttps:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2107.13586.pdf \u201cPrompt\uff1aNLP \u65b0\u8303\u5f0f &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/2022\/10\/25\/prompt-learning\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Prompt Learning\uff08\u6a21\u677f\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19,21,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9519"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9519"}],"version-history":[{"count":69,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11324,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9519\/revisions\/11324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/139.9.1.231\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}