leetcodeday –36 有效的数独

请你判断一个 9 x 9 的数独是否有效。只需要 根据以下规则 ，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。（请参考示例图）

注意：

• 一个有效的数独（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
• 只需要根据以上规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
• 空白格用 '.' 表示。

示例 1：

输入：board = 
[["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：true

示例 2：

输入：board = 
[["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：false
解释：除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外，空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。 但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。

#思路：遍历一遍数组，就要完成该目标，行和列简单，对于方格：[int(i/3)][int(j/3)]
class Solution:
    def isValidSudoku(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> bool:
        # 1、先生成三个数组
        rows = [[0] * 9 for _ in range(9)]
        columns = [[0] * 9 for _ in range(9)]
        subboxes = [[[0] * 9 for _ in range(3)] for _ in range(3)]
        # 遍历行
        for i in range(9):
            for j in range(9):
                c = board[i][j]
                if c != '.':
                    c = int(c) - 1
                    rows[i][c] += 1
                    columns[j][c] += 1
                    subboxes[int(i/3)][int(j/3)][c] += 1
                    if rows[i][c] > 1 or columns[j][c]>1 or subboxes[int(i/3)][int(j/3)][c]>1:
                        return False
        return True